How to make Alcohol at Home

Fundamentally making alcohol is simple. the yeast eats sugar and makes alcohol and CO2. All alcohol types starts out that way. 

In wine the grapes or other fruits natural sugars are eaten by yeast and alcohol and CO2 is made, beer's sugars derive from grain like barley, wheat, and others which, again, is eaten by yeast and converted to alcohol and CO2.

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You can find more specific details the yeast can only eat so much sugar...too much to start with will harm it. Yeast can only survive so much alcohol...too much kills it.

Wine is simply grape (or other fruit) juice that has yeast added and it ferments. Fermentation is the term for the yeast eating the sugars. over time.

In the old days, the naturally occurring yeast in the air which would accumulate on the grape skins were enough to start the fermentation. The results were pretty random, sometimes it would be a good year, but in other times, not so good. today, winemakers destroy the wild yeasts and add their own so they get consistent and predictable uniform results.

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Beer is similar to wine, however there's an extra step. It comes from grain, but grain doesn't have naturally occurring sugars in abundance. When grain (particularly barley and corn) begins to sprout, an enzyme develops. These enzymes convert starch to sugar. People learned to partially sprout and then halt the sprouting process to harness these enzymes, called "malting." The malted grain is then used to convert the starches into fermentable sugars. then yeast is added and fermentation process occurs.

Vodka and other spirits require one additional step. Distillation. Fermentation is the only way alcohol is MADE. Distillation doesn't make alcohol, it is simple a process that concentrates it. To make spirits, you have to first ferment a kind of alcoholic brew like beer or wine or similar (in distilling terms this is calld "wash"). Once the wash has been brewed, it is put into a still where the alcohol is concentrated. it boils into a vapor, the vapor is collected and condensed back into a liquid. that is how to make strong alcohol.

The brewing part hard work, whether you're making wine or beer. It is, however  perfectly legal to do it at home. You can either start from scratch or buy kits. Either way, you're allowed to make up to 100 gallons for every person of legal drinking age in your household, Maximum amount of 2 people. The same applies to wine and beer -100 gallons of each per person.

Distilling, (due to safety and tax reasons in the US) is illegal to do in the home and not legal to do it. it requires a permit. The exception to this is New Zealand, Greece, and a handful of other countries and nations.

Do a web search for home brewing supply stores in your area to get the supplies you will need and to talk to some one who has all the answers and will be very helpful for tips, recipes, and anything else you may want to know.